In the heart of the Trentino Dolomites, the Val di Fassa presents itself as a treasure trove of Alpine biodiversity, where wild nature still retains its primordial charm. This Ladin valley, nestled between the majestic peaks of Catinaccio, Sassolungo, and Marmolada, is home to a rich and diverse ecosystem that has fascinated naturalists, photographers, and mountain enthusiasts for centuries. Of all the inhabitants of these places, one in particular embodies the indomitable spirit of the Alps: the golden eagle, undisputed queen of the Dolomite skies.
An Ideal Territory for Alpine Fauna
The Val di Fassa extends for approximately 30 kilometers, from the Costalunga Pass to the Marmolada, offering an extraordinary variety of natural environments. From valley floors covered with fir and larch forests, to alpine meadows that are tinged with a thousand colors in summer, to vertical walls and perennial glaciers, each altitudinal belt is home to animal species perfectly adapted to local conditions.
This environmental diversity, combined with the presence of protected areas such as the Sciliar-Catinaccio Natural Park and wildlife conservation areas, has allowed local fauna to thrive. Conservation policies implemented in recent decades have contributed to the return of species that had once disappeared or were severely threatened, creating an ecological balance that makes the Val di Fassa a true paradise for nature lovers.
The Golden Eagle: The Queen of the Dolomite Skies
The golden eagle (*Aquilae chrysaetos*) undoubtedly represents the most majestic symbol of the Alpine fauna. With a wingspan that can reach 2.3 meters and a weight of up to 6-7 kilograms in females, this magnificent bird of prey dominates the skies of Val di Fassa with a presence that commands respect and admiration.
Characteristics and Behaviour
The golden eagle is recognizable by its dark brown plumage, with golden highlights on the nape and back of the neck, a characteristic that has earned it the scientific name “chrysaetos”, which means “golden eagle”. Adult specimens have a more homogeneous coloration, while juveniles show characteristic white spots at the base of the tail and on the wings, which they gradually lose with maturity.
These magnificent predators are perfectly adapted to life at high altitude. Their eyesight is extraordinarily sharp, about eight times that of humans, allowing them to spot potential prey even from several kilometers away. The powerful claws and hooked beak are perfect tools for capturing and killing prey ranging from marmots to young chamois, from white hares to medium-sized birds.
The Flight of the Eagle: A Lesson in Aerodynamics
Watching a golden eagle in flight is a breathtaking experience. These birds of prey are masters of the art of exploiting thermals, those columns of warm air that form when the sun warms rock faces and exposed slopes. With seemingly minimal movement, the eagle can gain hundreds of meters of altitude, gliding in wide circles with almost no movement of its wings.
The updrafts in Val di Fassa are particularly favorable thanks to the conformation of the mountains. The vertical walls of the Catinaccio and Sassolungo, exposed to the sun for most of the day, create veritable “highways” of warm air that the eagles use to move from one hunting area to another with minimal energy expenditure.
It is fascinating to note how these birds of prey can remain aloft for hours, taking advantage of the thermals and orographic currents generated by the wind that meets the mountain massifs. During windier days, eagles also take advantage of the dynamic currents that form when the wind is deflected upward by rocky obstacles, a technique that requires great skill and perfect knowledge of the terrain.
The Paragliding and the Currents of the Eagles
And it is precisely here that a fascinating parallel is created between the flight of the eagle and that of humans through paragliding. Paragliding pilots flying in Val di Fassa have the extraordinary opportunity to share the same “natural elevators” used by golden eagles. It is not uncommon, during a flight, to find yourself spiraling in the same thermal with these magnificent birds of prey, an experience that represents one of the most exciting moments a paraglider can experience.
The most popular take-off areas in the Fassa Valley, such as Col Rodella or Passo Pordoi, are ideally located for intercepting the same thermals that eagles use daily. Experienced pilots can recognize the signs that indicate the presence of a thermal: the eagle gliding in ever-higher circles is one of the most reliable indicators. When you spot an eagle going uphill, you’ve most likely found a good updraft.
Paragliding allows humans to experience a unique perspective on the Dolomites, that of free flight, and allows them to observe fauna from above in a non-invasive way. Many pilots report close encounters with eagles, magical moments when the animal seems to be curiously studying this strange artificial bird that dares to share its airspace. Importantly, the eagle always maintains control of the situation and can easily avoid paragliding if desired, thanks to its superior maneuverability.
The best conditions for flying with eagles typically occur on spring and autumn mornings, when thermals are stable but not too violent. On these occasions, it is not uncommon to share the ascent with two or more eagles at the same time, an experience that remains etched in the memory of any paraglider.
Nesting and Territories
In Val di Fassa there are several territorial pairs of golden eagles, each of which defends a hunting territory that can extend for 50-100 square kilometers. The nests, called “aerie”, are built on inaccessible rock faces, often in locations that offer panoramic views of the valley. These nests can be used for decades, being rebuilt and expanded year after year, until they reach considerable size.
The breeding season begins in January-February, when pairs strengthen their bond through spectacular acrobatic flights. The female generally lays 1-2 eggs, which are incubated for about 45 days. Eaglets take about three months to attempt their first flights, but remain dependent on their parents for several more months.
The Other Inhabitants of the Peaks
Although the golden eagle is the undisputed star of the Val di Fassa sky, the valley is home to a rich variety of other wildlife species, each with its own fascinating characteristics.
I Mammiferi
The **Alpine chamois** is certainly one of the most emblematic inhabitants of these places. An agile climber, he lives on rock faces and in the most inaccessible areas, where he finds refuge from predators and nourishment in alpine meadows. In the early morning hours or at dusk, it is not uncommon to spot them grazing on grassy slopes or moving with incredible confidence on seemingly impossible rocks.
The **marmot** is another protagonist of the Alpine fauna. Its high-pitched whistle is a characteristic sound of high-altitude grasslands, a warning sign that warns the colony of approaching potential danger, which could be an eagle, a fox, or simply a hiker. During the summer, marmots are very active, busy accumulating fat reserves to cope with the long winter hibernation.
The **roe deer** and the **deer** populate the woods and valley floor areas, particularly active during dawn and dusk. In autumn, during the mating season, the roar of deer resounds in the valleys, creating an evocative atmosphere that recalls the wild origins of these places.
More elusive but equally present are the **fox** and the **ermine**, small predators that play an important role in the balance of the ecosystem. In recent years, there have also been sporadic reports of **lynx**, a sign that this feline may slowly return to colonize the Dolomites.
The Other Raptors
In addition to the golden eagle, the skies of Val di Fassa are crossed by other birds of prey. The **bearded vulture**, or lamb vulture, has returned to nesting in the Alps thanks to a reintroduction project. With its wingspan of nearly three meters, it is even larger than the eagle and feeds mainly on bones, which it drops onto rocks to break them and feed on the marrow.
The **peregrine falcon**, considered the world’s fastest dive animal, nests on rock faces and hunts birds in flight with spectacular high-speed attacks. More common are ** buzzard** and **kestrel**, which can often be observed flying over meadows in search of small rodents.
Among nocturnal birds of prey, the **owl** and the **big-headed owl** are present, although their shy nature makes them difficult to observe. Their nocturnal calls, however, can be heard on quiet evenings, adding a touch of mystery to the mountain atmosphere.
The Alpine Avifauna
The Val di Fassa is home to numerous species of birds adapted to life at high altitude. The **alpine chough**, with its bright yellow bill, is a frequent visitor to mountain refuges. The **ptarmigan**, perfectly camouflaged in summer among rocks and in winter on snow thanks to its seasonally changing plumage, is an extraordinary example of adaptation to the Alpine environment.
Among the Alpine passerines, the **deaf man**, the **alpine finch** and the **peephole** stand out, birds that have developed particular strategies to survive the extreme conditions of the high mountains. The **wallcreeper**, with its gray plumage and red-spotted wings, can be observed climbing rock faces in search of insects.
Observing the Fauna: Practical Tips
For those who want to observe the fauna of Val di Fassa, some tips can significantly increase the chances of sighting. Early morning and late afternoon are the best times, when the animals are most active. Good binoculars and a lot of patience are essential tools. It is important to keep quiet and move slowly, avoiding sudden movements that could scare animals.
As for the golden eagle, high-altitude viewpoints offer the best sighting opportunities, especially on sunny days when thermals are most active. Col Rodella, Sass Pordoi and the Catinaccio lookouts are excellent locations. Observing the sky with patience, paying attention to the characteristic circular movements of birds of prey in thermal, increases the chances of spotting these magnificent birds.
Nature photographers know that morning and evening light offer the best conditions for taking photographs, but it is essential to always maintain a safe distance from the animals and not disturb them, especially during the breeding season.
Conservation and Future
The presence of the golden eagle in Val di Fassa is the result of decades of conservation efforts. After facing extinction in the Alps due to direct persecution and pesticide use, golden eagle populations are now stable and in some cases slightly increasing. This success is due to protection laws, the creation of protected areas and increased environmental awareness.
However, there is no shortage of challenges. Climate change is changing alpine habitats, with effects not yet fully understood on fauna. The increase in tourism, if not managed properly, can create a disturbance to animals. It is essential that activities such as hiking, mountaineering, and paragliding are practiced while respecting nesting areas and the most delicate periods for wildlife.
Paragliding pilots flying in Val di Fassa have a particular responsibility. Sharing airspace with eagles is a privilege that requires awareness and respect. Nesting areas should be avoided, especially during spring and early summer. Most local flight schools provide accurate information on these sensitive areas and the conduct to be followed in the event of close encounters with birds of prey.
Unforgettable experience
Flying paragliding in Val di Fassa, sharing the same thermals with the golden eagle, represents an experience that goes beyond sport or simple naturalistic observation. It’s a moment of deep connection with nature, an opportunity to truly understand what it means to fly, not as pilots of a mechanical vehicle, but as beings who rely on the same natural elements that have allowed eagles to dominate the skies for millions of years.
When you find yourself spiraling into a thermal, with the Dolomites stretching out on the horizon in every direction and a golden eagle gliding majestically a few dozen meters away, you experience a unique form of freedom. In those moments, the barriers between human and animal, between earth and sky, seem to dissolve. It is understandable why the eagle has been a symbol of freedom, power and nobility for centuries.
Paragliding as a Tool for Environmental Education
The experience of paragliding in Val di Fassa has also taken on an important educational value in recent years. Many local flight schools have integrated nature education modules into their courses, teaching pilots not only flight techniques but also respect for the environment and wildlife. Understanding animal behavior, recognizing protected species, and knowing how to behave in their presence have become essential skills for those who want to fly responsibly in alpine environments.
Some operators offer guided tandem flights specifically for wildlife observation, where experienced instructors lead passengers along routes that maximize sighting opportunities while maintaining safe distances. These flights represent a unique opportunity for those who don’t have the experience to fly alone, but still want to experience the thrill of observing a golden eagle from their own perspective.
During these guided flights, instructors explain how to interpret the birds’ behavior, how to recognize signs of stress or disturbance, and how to adjust their flight so as not to interfere with the animals’ activities. It is an approach that perfectly combines tourism, sport and conservation, demonstrating that human activities and nature conservation can coexist in harmony.
Shared Flight Techniques
Experienced pilots have over time developed a sort of “label” for shared flight with birds of prey. When in a thermal with an eagle, it is important to maintain a wider orbit than that of the bird, allowing it to remain in the center of the current where it is strongest. If the eagle shows signs of discomfort, such as a sudden change of direction or vocalizations, the pilot should immediately abandon the thermal.
Interestingly, the eagles, after years of increasing paragliding in the valley, have learned to distinguish between experienced and novice pilots. Instructors say eagles often seem more tolerant of smooth, predictable flying, while tending to avoid pilots who make sudden or erratic maneuvers. This suggests a remarkable level of intelligence and adaptability in these birds of prey.
The Seasons of Flight
Each season in Val di Fassa offers different opportunities for flight and wildlife observation. Spring, from April to June, is the nesting season for eagles. During these months, it is especially important to avoid known nesting areas, but it is also the time when spectacular acrobatic courtship flights can be observed. Spring thermals, still gentle and not too turbulent, offer ideal conditions for both eagles and paragliding pilots.
Summer brings stronger thermals and longer days. Eagles, with their young now grown, are more active in hunting and can be observed instructing young in flight techniques. For paragliders, the long summer days allow for spectacular cross-country flights, following the same migratory routes that birds use to travel along the Alpine chain.
Autumn is perhaps the most magical season. The milder temperatures, lower tourist traffic and clear air offer optimal conditions. It is during this period that many young eagles attempt their first long flights, and it is not uncommon to observe scenarios with three or four eagles sharing the same thermal, creating an unforgettable aerial ballet.
Winter, finally, is the busiest season for both eagles and paragliders. Thermals are rare and weak, the cold intense, but for more experienced pilots it represents a fascinating challenge. Eagles, during this period, must optimize every flight to save energy, and observing them becomes a lesson in aerodynamic efficiency.
The Role of the Local Community
The population of Val di Fassa has always had a special relationship with the local fauna. Ladin culture is deeply connected with the mountain and its inhabitants, and this is reflected in legends, traditions and a deep respect for nature. Many valley elders remember the days when eagles were rare, persecuted, and endangered, and today they look back with pride.
Local governments have implemented wildlife monitoring programs involving both experts and volunteers. Paragliding pilots, thanks to their unique perspective, have become valuable collaborators in these projects, reporting sightings, new nests, and interesting behaviors. Some flight schools have partnered with research institutions to collect scientific data during their activities.
Mountain refuges also play an important role. Many managers are passionate naturalists who provide information to hikers and paragliders, indicating the areas where wildlife is most likely to be spotted and explaining the importance of conservation. Some shelters have installed cameras and spotting scopes to allow remote observation, reducing direct disturbance to the animals.
Future prospects
The future of coexistence between human activities and wildlife in Val di Fassa will depend on the ability to maintain a delicate balance. The growth of tourism, including that related to paragliding, must be managed wisely. Local authorities are working on management plans that identify sensitive areas, restriction periods, and recreational guidelines.
Technology can play an important role. GPS apps and devices allow you to report nesting areas or areas where sensitive animals have been spotted in real time, helping pilots and hikers change their routes. Citizen science projects are increasingly involving more people in collecting wildlife data, transforming every visitor to the valley into a potential contribution to scientific knowledge.
Education remains fundamental. New generations of visitors and pilots must understand that the privilege of flying to these extraordinary places carries with it a responsibility. Educational programs in schools, awareness campaigns, and “responsible flight” certifications are creating a culture of respect and awareness.
Conclusion
The Val di Fassa is much more than a tourist destination or a simple mountain scenery. It is a vital ecosystem where alpine fauna thrives, where the golden eagle continues to reign over the skies as it has for millennia. For those fortunate enough to visit this valley, whether on foot along the trails or by paragliding, the opportunity to observe these animals in their natural environment represents a precious gift.
The golden eagle, with its majesty and perfect mastery of flight, reminds us that the human being is just one of the actors in this great natural theater. Sharing its updrafts is not only an opportunity to have an exciting experience, but also a time to reflect on our role in preserving these extraordinary environments.
The possibility offered by paragliding to exploit the same thermals used by eagles represents a unique bridge between the human and natural worlds. It’s not just a technical or sporting issue, but an experience that transforms our perception of flight, nature, and our place in it. Every time a pilot shares a thermal with an eagle, a moment of ancestral connection is created, a memory that goes beyond the adrenaline of flight to touch deeper chords of the human soul.
Whether you’re a nature enthusiast, photographer, hiker, or paraglider, Val di Fassa offers endless opportunities for wonder. And perhaps, with a little luck, patience, and respect, you can witness the flight of a golden eagle, or even share with it, for a few precious minutes, the same warm-air elevator that ascends the Dolomite walls toward the blue sky of the Alps. It will be a memory that will remain etched in our memory forever, a testament to the wild beauty that still survives in our mountains and the extraordinary privilege of being able, even for a moment, to fly like eagles.
